《诗说》与《儒林外史》相关问题研究

【作者】 吴新苗；

【导师】 胡益民； 朱万曙；

【作者基本信息】 安徽大学 ， 中国古代文学， 2003， 硕士

【摘要】 吴敬梓及其长篇讽刺小说《儒林外史》是中国古典小说研究的一个重要课题，吴敬梓在其生活的年代就以他极具叛逆色彩的个性引得当时人的钦慕和关注，他的小说也在出现后不久就受到人们的欢迎，出现了众多的版本并产生了卧闲草堂这样较为系统的评点批评，这说明清人已经自觉地开始了对吴敬梓及其《儒林外史》的研究。清末民初的一些小说理论家如黄人、天僇生等，小说作家如吴研人等从小说理论和小说创作不同的角度谈到《儒林外史》，初步确立了吴敬梓及其《儒林外史》在中国小说史上的地位。20世纪初，鲁迅、钱玄同、胡适分别对吴敬梓及《儒林外史》有详细的论述，大师们的批评进一步确立了《儒林外史》的经典地位，同时大师们的研究也为后来的研究奠定了基础，指明了方向。 本论文是沿着前辈学者们的成果而做出的一种努力的尝试：尝试为这本“伟大也要人懂”(鲁迅语)的经典作品提出一些自己的解释意见，研究以在上图发现的为前辈学者未曾见的吴敬梓佚著《文木山房诗说》为基础，本文通过把新材料《文木山房诗说》同《儒林外史》结合起来，着重探讨吴敬梓的创作思想、吴敬梓的反理学思想、吴敬梓的人格理想等三个方面问题，这三方面问题看似各自孤立，实则有着内在的逻辑、互相关联。吴敬梓之所以创作一部有着明显讽刺意味的小说，是与其受《诗经》的美刺传统，接受“风人之旨”的创作观分不开的，这反映出他的创作动机体现着“人文关怀”的立场，而其“人文关怀”的立场，聚焦于他所生活的时代，便是对束缚人的思想、扼杀人的理性、泯灭人的良知的“理学”以及与其相为表里的科举八股考试制度的激烈批判，这是论文第二部分的主要内容。第三部分“吴敬梓的人格理想”旨在通过对吴敬梓君子、奇人两种理想人格的分析，揭示其中蕴涵的“以道抗势”的人文内涵，在吴敬梓看来，在那个风雨如晦的封建末世里，作为“社会的良心”的知识分子，只有抗拒世俗思想的侵害，保持住文人的理性精神，才能维护文化的尊严和文人人格的尊严，这是吴敬梓对中国文人在“道”与“势”无法统一的情境下两难命运的理性思考。更多还原

【Abstract】 Wu Jing-zi and his satiric novel "RULINWAISHI" is an important question for discussion of studying Chinese classical novels. Wu Jing-zi brought persons then by his treasonous individuality. His novel also got many people’s reception soon, and had been switched into numerous editions. Many persons critiqued this novel, especially the systemic comment of "WOXIANCAOTANG". This indicated people in Qing dynasty already began to study Wu and "RULINWAISHI" consciously. From the end of Qing dynasty to The Republic of China, some novel theorists such as Huang Ren, Tian Lu-sheng, some novelists such as Wu Yan-ren referred to "RULINWAISHI" from novel theory and novel producing angles to discuss respectively. These established the status of Wu Jing-zi and his "RULINWAISHI" in Chinese literature history initially. At the beginning of 20th century, Lu Xun , Qian Xuan-tong and Hu Shi had detailed discuss respectively on Wu and his novel. On the one hand, these criticisms of the great masters established the classical status of "RULINWAISHI" ulteriorly. On the other hand, the studies of these great masters established the base and pointed out the direction for the subsequent study.The article is an attempt to follow the fruit of seniority scholars: try to give some personal explanation to this classicworks which was appraised by Lu Xun as "grandness , furthermore make people understand". My study is based on "SHISHUO" written by Wu Jing-zi, which seniority scholars hadn’t seen and was first discovered in Shanghai Library. My article combines the new material "SHISHUO" and "RULINWAISHI", and has placed emphasis on discussing three questions: Wu’s inditing thinking, Wu’s anti-Lixue thought and his selfhood ideal, these three aspects seem island from each other, but in fact,they have conjunctions and internal logic. The reasons why Wu had written such a satiric novel were that he was influenced by the "Meici" tradition of "SHIJING" and had received the inditing view of "Fengrenzhizhi". This represents that his inditing motivation incarnates the viewpoint of humanism solicitude; this viewpoint, seeing from his living period, is the severe animadvert to Lixue and imperial examinations that astricts people’s thoughts, snuffs people’s Logos and perishes people’s conscience. This is the content of the second part of my article. The third part "Wu’s selfhood ideal" tries to reveal the humanism connotation of "using Tao to fight against Shi", through the analysis of Wu’s two kinds of ideal personality-man of honour and queer bachelor. In Wu’s opinion, at the end of the feudal times, the clerisy (as the conscience of society) can vindicate the dignity of culture and the selfhood of literator, only by disputing the infraction of common customs thoughts and retaining the logos spirits of clerisy. This is Wu’s rational thinking to the dilemma lot when Chinese literators couldn’t unify "Tao" and "Shi".更多还原